Recommended Dietary Allowance for School Children. School children need nutrients every day, which are obtained from a variety of foods and drinks that are used as a source of energy, growth, replacing damaged cells, and to maintain health. Basically there are 6 kinds of nutrients, namely carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Adequacy of nutrition for school children aged 10-12 years is relatively greater than school children aged 7-9 years, because growth is relatively fast, especially in addition to height. In addition to age, gender also affects the adequacy of nutrients. There are differences in growth between the sexes from the age of 10 years so that the nutritional adequacy of boys is different from girls.
The government has determined the adequacy of these nutrients in the form of adequate nutrition figures or Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). RDA is a sufficient number of nutrients every day according to age, sex, body size and physical activity to prevent malnutrition or over nutrition. The 2012 RDA for school children is listed in Table 1. The RDA for Indonesians consists of: energy; protein; fat, carbohydrate, water; fiber; The 14 types of vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, choline and vitamin C; and 13 types of minerals including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, iodine, zinc, copper, chromium, selenium, manganese, and fluorine.
Table 1: RDA for Children Aged 7-9 Years and Ages 10-12 Years.
Nutritional Substances Unit 7-9 years old 10-12 years old
Male Female
Energy kkal 1850 2100 2000
Protein g 49 56 60
Total Fat g 72 70 67
1. n-6 (omega 6) g 10,0 12,0 10,0
9. n-3 (omega 3) g 0,9 1,2 1,0
Carbohydrate g 254 289 275
Fiber g 26 30 28
Water mL 1900 1800 1800
Vitamin
Vitamin A mcg 500 600 600
Vitamin D mcg 15 15 15
Vitamin E mg 7 11 11
Vitamin K mcg 25 35 35
Vitamin B1 (tiamin) mg 0,9 1,1 1,0
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) mg 1,1 1,3 1,2
Vitamin B3 (Niasin) mg 10 12 11
Pant Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
mg 3,0 4,0 4,0
Vitamin B6 (Piridoksin) mg 1,0 1,3 1,2
Folate (Vitamin B9) mcg 300 400 400
Vitamin B12 mcg 1,2 1,8 1,8
Biotin mcg 12 20 20
Choline mg 375 375 375
Vitamin C mg 45 50 50
Mineral
Calcium mg 1000 1200 1200
Flour mg 1000 1200 1200
Phosphorus mg 500 1200 1200
Magnesium mg 120 150 155
Sodium/Natrium mg 1200 1500 1500
Potassium mg 4500 4500 4500
Manganese mg 1,7 1,9 1,6
Copper mg 570 700 700
Chromium mcg 20 25 21
Iron mg 10 13 20
Iodine mcg 120 120 120
Zinc mg 11 14 13
Selenium mcg 20 20 20
Flour mg 1,2 1,7 1,9
In practice in the community the application of the RDA requires a portion size of food to assess and design food consumption of school children. Estimated amount of energy (kcal) in food portion in household size can be seen in Appendix 2.
Meeting the nutritional needs in a day can be done by consuming 3 (three) large meals (rice, animal side dishes, vegetable side dishes, fruits and vegetables) and 2 (two) times a snack (snack).
Meeting the nutritional needs in a day can be done by consuming 3 (three) large meals (rice, animal side dishes, vegetable side dishes, fruits and vegetables) and 2 (two) times a snack (snack).
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